Consciousness in The Cell (01-10)

1. Belief in Darwinism Requires Abandoning Logic and Wisdom

All of the cells in your body multiply by division. During this process, the DNA in the cell's nucleus needs to be copied too. The process of DNA replication takes place without fault, in a regular, most organized and disciplined way that strikes awe in attentive observers.

The DNA molecule, containing a miniaturized data bank of three billion letters, is like a ladder that has twisted around itself to form a helix. At the beginning of replication, the enzyme DNA helicase first approaches the DNA molecule and starts to unwind the helix, just as in the opening of a zipper. The twin strands of DNA in the helix, formerly wound around each other, separate as a result. DNA helicase is always ready to perform its duty on time, without any fault, without becoming confused or making the slightest mistake, and without damaging the DNA in any way.

Then it's the turn of another enzyme, DNA polymerase. Its duty is to complete each unwound strand of the DNA with a second one. In order to do so, it must locate and bring the organizing information appropriate for each strand. But wait! An enzyme, made up only of atoms and molecules, cannot be expected to have any knowledge, consciousness, or mind of its own. Yet it can identify the type of information needed to complete the half-strand of DNA and then, locate the necessary components, wherever they may be in the cell, and bring them to where they're needed. During this entire process, it doesn't make the slightest mistake. It identifies, one by one, the three billion letters in order to complete the strand of DNA correctly. At the same time, another polymerase enzyme works on the DNA's other strand and completes it in the same way. And while all this is taking place, "helix stabilizing" enzymes hold apart the two strands of DNA to prevent them from winding back around each other.

DNA, the molecule found in the cell's nucleus, is the body's information bank.Therefore before any one cell divides in order to become two, in must first make aduplicate copy of its DNA.

DNA is in the shape of a helix. In order for it to be copied, many enzymes-again porduced according to the information in the DNA-carry out processes displaying the utmost intelligence and organization.

As a result of the faultless cooperation and disciplined, intelligent processes of these unconscious molecules, DNA is copied perfectly, with no errors.

In order to prevent the two unwound DNA strands from winding back around each other, helix stabilizing enzymes (shown in green in the diagram) anchor the two strands in place.

At this point, enzymes called DNA polymerase start attaching appropriate pieces of information onto each strand, to form two DNA helixes.

In these diagrams, the yellow shapes represent the DNA polymerase enzyme, which carries out the replication process.

As a result of the faultless cooperation and disciplined, intelligent processes of these unconscious molecules, DNA is copied perfectly, with no errors.

During this process of DNA replication, many enzymes work with military discipline to carry out processes that require knowledge and cognition. If you were given a script containing three billion letters and were asked to type it over, you couldn't possibly copy it without making mistakes. You would certainly make at least one mistake somewhere, by skipping a line or at least, a letter or two. Yet these enzymes complete a comparable process repeatedly, without making any such errors.

Darwinists claim that all of these enzymes, the information contained in the DNA's billions of letters, the process of DNA replication, and this entire faultless organization came about as the result of a string of coincidences. Evolutionists' belief in this unbelievable—in fact, impossible—assumption is a significant mistake that needs serious consideration. The sole reason for evolutionists' blind faith in this highly illogical theory is their commitment to materialism, together with their resolve to deny the existence of God.

2. The Device in Your Body that can Copy a Million Pages of Information in Twenty Minutes

It's long been known that cells multiply by division. During this process, the DNA found in the nucleus of each cell needs to be copied for each new "daughter" cell. During this process of replication, an amazing event takes place that requires consideration.

DNA's data bank, made up of three billion letters, is able to store massive amounts of information concerning the living organism. To write down all the information contained in DNA would require an encyclopaedia of approximately 1,000 volumes, with a total of a million pages. Therefore, the replication of DNA and the copying of a million-page encyclopaedia are comparable. But do you know how long this process of DNA replication takes?

Between 20 and 80 minutes!

Now, that means that the equivalent of one million pages of writing can be copied, with no mistakes or deficiencies, in a period of less than two hours—and sometimes, under a half hour. No photocopier or any other technological device available today can complete this copying process faultlessly, in such a short period of time. And consider that no technological machines are carrying out this process, but cells that we cannot even see with the naked eye. Now ask yourself:

Who possesses the power and mind, will and knowledge to bring about this amazing organization? What realizes that the DNA must be copied when a cell divides? What brings about this replication in the fastest, most perfect way, and which allows for any mistakes to be fixed immediately?

1. 20-80Minutes 2. Information Equal to 3 Million Letters	3. 1 Million Pages 4. And a 1000 Volume Encyclopedia is Copied Without Fault.

Clearly, it's illogical and senseless to claim that this whole complex, faultless and perfect system came about as a result of coincidence. Bring together all of the atoms in the universe, under the proper conditions, and still you won't be able to create the system that carries out the replication of DNA in every living organism.

It is quite obvious that the One Who created this perfect system, Who has continued to create it for millions of years is God, the Possessor of infinite knowledge, consciousness, and power.

3. The Perfection of DNA Contradicts the Theory of Evolution

No just estimate have they made of Allah.for Allah is He Who is strong and able to Carry out His Will. (Qur'an, 22:74)

In one molecule of human DNA, there exists enough information to fill a million-page encyclopaedia. But the order in this information is also vitally important. Ask yourself whether hundreds of letters tossed about at random could possibly come together to form a coherent news article. Could millions of these same letters arrange themselves together perfectly and appropriately as to form an entire newspaper? Can anyone claim this is all a product of blind coincidence? According to Darwinist understanding, it's possible for all these amazing events to come about coincidentally.

Darwinism thinks that it has deceived all the world's populace like little children. This ideology presents coincidence as having divine consciousness, and asserts that it somehow possesses an amazing genius and greater knowledge than all the people in the world. According to evolutionists, time is the only thing necessary for this "genius" called coincidence to shape the brains of all those humans who have lived over thousands of years. And not their brains only, but their minds, their capacity for thought, their reasoning, memory, and hundreds of other physical and spiritual attributes. If provided with matter and enough time, coincidence has the power to create people, ants, horses, giraffes, peacocks, butterflies, figs, olives, oranges, peaches, pomegranates, watermelons, tomatos, bananas, tulips, violets, strawberries, orchids, roses and hundreds of thousands of other living things you cannot even think of. Obviously this entire claim is nothing but nonsense. The Creator of all things is God.

4. The Shape of Cells Refutes The Theory of Evolution

1. Red blood cell 2. Nerve cell 3. Retinal cone cell

There are approximately 200 different types of cells in your body, yet they differ from one another in only the slightest of ways. One of the most important differences is shape. Although nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells all have the same basic DNA, it is thanks to their perfect individual shapes that they function with the utmost efficiency in the region of the body where they carry out their duties.

Two examples of cells with different shapes are nerve cells and blood cells. Nerve cells have long extensions, called axons, from the spinal cord to the feet that can reach up to one meter in length in humans. This way, when stimuli pass from one cell to another, there is no time lost. The impulses pass directly to where they are going.

Red blood cells, called erythrocytes, however, contrary to nerve cells, are only about 7-8 micrometers in diameter. The very fact of their being so tiny means that they penetrate the smallest of capillaries with ease, and without getting deformed. In addition, their biconcave shape maximizes the surface area across which oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. If you consider that there are millions of these cells in one cubic millimeter of blood, it won't be hard for you to estimate the massive surface area on which this exchange of gases is carried out.

Cells in the eye and ear are also specialized in regards to shape. The cochlea, inside the inner ear, contains sensory cells which have hairlike projections that produce nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations in the middle ear. Somewhat similarly, light-sensitive cells of the retina in the eye have also been designed to perform their function in the best way possible. The cone cells in the retina contain many light-sensitive pigments, as well as a layer containing nerve connections. This organization gives the cone cells a very high sensitivity to light.

In the small intestine, too, there are nutrient-absorbing cells with the appropriate shape to perform their special functions. The lining of the small intestine is covered by millions of fingerlike projections called villi. On each villus are microvilli which are even tinier. The combination of these projections increases the surface area for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Never forget that all of the billions of cells in the human body came about from the division of just one original cell, which originated from the union of sperm and egg. To think that each of these cells chose their individual shapes and then somehow assumed the shape of a body is totally illogical. This all shows clearly that cells are created in the most efficient ways to carry out their functions. That is, they are created by God, the Possessor of infinite wisdom and intelligence.

5. How Can Cells Recognize One Another?

In high school or at college, we've studied how human beings are formed. In its first stages, the embryo is a formless piece of tissue. But as it continues to develop, some cells form the arms, some the inner organs, and a few are set aside for the eyes. Every cell "knows" where it must go, which organ it will form, to what degree it should multiply, and when to stop dividing. But the following extract provides another amazing fact about the embryo's development:

we separate the cells of the embryo that belong to different organs—by decreasing the amount of calcium in the environment—and then later on, mix these cells together in a suitable environment, we find that on coming into contact once again, the cells that belong to the same organs recognize each other and form distinct groups of cells that belong to the same organs. (Ahmet Noyan, Yasamda ve Hekimlikte Fizyoloji (Physiology in Life and Medicine), 10th ed., Ankara:Meteksan Publications, 1998, p. 40)

That is, if cells are first separated from each other, then brought together again, the cells that make up the same organs recognize each other and reassemble themselves again.

But how can these cells, which have no brain or nervous system, no eyes or no ears, recognize each other? How do these substances, formed from some molecules with no brain or consciousness, recognize their own type of cell out of a group? How can they know that they will later unite to form an organ? What is the source of the obvious consciousness displayed by these unconscious molecules?

The source of their consciousness is God, the Lord of the worlds, Who created the whole universe out of nothing.

We will show them Our signs on the horizon and within themselves until it is clear to them that it is the truth. Is it not enough for your Lord that He is a witness of everything? (Qur'an, 41: 53)

1. spleen cell, 2. cartilage cell,	3. blood cell, 4. areola cell,	5. muscle cell, 6. fat cell,	7. bone cell
When the cells of different organs of an embryo are mixed up together in a suitable environment, cells belonging to the same organs organize themselves into distinct groups.

6. Expounding Evidence of God's Existence Can Free People from Irreligious Beliefs

According to the Darwinist claims, all living things result from spontaneous coincidences. But the thousands of complex systems in our bodies deny this nonsense of "coincidence." One example is the hairlike structures whose sole duty is to allow the cell to move and which, in turn, consist of thousands of minute details.

Some cells move by the use of short, microscopic structures, called cilia, that resemble eyelashes. For example, each of the stationary cells in the respiratory tract possesses hundreds of cilia. By moving together all at the same time, just like the oars on a racing scull, these structures enable the cell to move forward.

• When a cross section of a cilium is cut, it can be seen to be very organized and made up of a ring of nine doublet microtubules around the periphery and two singlet microtubules in the middle.
• Each of the doublet microtubules has a ring with 13 microfilaments and another one with 11 microfilaments.
• The microtubules are made of a protein called "tubulin."
• The microtubules also have two extensions, an outer arm and an inner arm, both made of a protein called "dynein." This protein's function is to act as a motor for the cilia and provide mechanical strength.
• Molecules making up the tubulin protein virtually line up together like bricks to form cylindrical structures. However, the organization of the tubulin molecules is much more complex than the laying of bricks.
• There are ten short extensions on the top and ten cavities on the bottom of each tubulin. These cavities and extensions have been created to fit snugly inside each other, thus creating a very sound structure. Even the slightest defect in the very special design of these cavities or extensions will result in damage to the cell.

All these components that we've summarized briefly and simply compose just one single cilium; and its sole aim is to move just that one cell, out of the trillions of cells in your body. Such an extensive system exists in every cell of the respiratory system of everyone who has ever lived and of every person alive today. Moreover, this complex system made up of many different parts is the substructure of a cilium on a cell we can't even see with our eyes. You can grasp how small this area is by the following comparison: Fitting all of the details explained above into one of the hairs on your head would be so complex that our brains couldn't comprehend it. But the cilia of the cell we're talking about have just such an incomparably small substructure.

In short, God has placed a most systematic and complex mechanism in a place too small for our eyes to see. It's totally impossible for "coincidence" to think about moving a cell and fitting such a system in so small an area. This is possible only with the superior and infinite mind, knowledge and power of God.

1. Cell, 2.Cilia,	3.A close-up view of the cilia, 4. Cross section of one cilium,	5.Microtubules, 6. Dynein arm
On some cells are found cilia that resemble eyelashes and facilitate movement. They are composed of highly complex structures. Right: The microtubules making up each cilium. Below: This cross section of a cilium shows the intertwined double ring structure.

7. The Oil Refinery in Our Bodies

The mitochondrion, made up of proteins found in the cell, works just like an electrical power station to generate the energy the cell needs.

The energy you require to arise from where you are and start walking, to breathe, to open and close your eyes—in short, the energy you need to be alive is made in powerhouses inside your cells, called mitochondria. When we examine the processes carried out in the mitochondria, it becomes clear why comparing them to a powerhouse is no exaggeration.

In the production of energy in the cell, oxygen plays the main role. Oxygen has plenty of helpers. At practically all stages of the production of energy, different enzymes play their part. At any particular step of this process, enzymes that have completed their duty "change shifts" with other enzymes coming into action for the next step. This is done in a most conscious manner, and in this way, the energy stored in foods is converted into a form useful to the cell, as the result of endless chemical reactions, many minor processes, and hundreds of different enzymes going into action. In all of this changing of enzymes, there is not the slightest confusion, nor any mixing up of the order. All the "workers" carry out their duty as if they were part of a well-disciplined team.

And so, it can be said that the energy powerhouse located in a cell, only one hundredth of a millimeter in size, is much more complex than any oil refinery or hydroelectric plant.

An oil refinery is built and run by engineers aware of what petroleum is, who have analyzed crude oil in the laboratory, and who act in the light of this technical information. It would be impossible for anyone ignorant of what petroleum is to build a refinery.

In the same way, knowledge is required to produce energy in a cell which is much more complex than an oil refinery. It's obviously ridiculous to suggest that a cell has the ability to learn. But then how do cells bring about this production?

The truth is, no cell has the opportunity to "learn" any biological process, in its literal sense. If the cell couldn't carry out this process when it first appeared, then it would have no chance of acquiring the necessary skills later on—simply because oxygen, which plays such a central role in energy production, has a destructive effect on the cell. The cell had to have appeared together with this defensive property. This is only one of many proofs that cells didn't appear as the result of any coincidence, but were created by God in one instant.

With this artistry, displayed in an area one-hundredth the size of a millimeter, God shows us the limitlessness to His power.

The power station in our cells, each about one hundredh of a millimeter in size, is more complex than an oil refinery or hydroelectric plant. The energy generated by the cooperation of engineers, technicians, workers and designers, using the most superior technology,is produced much more economically and practically by our cells, which are devoid of consciousness or intelligence and formed from a relatively few atoms. In our cells' power station, every detail from theeconomic use of energy to the putting of waste products to good use has been taken into account. Each of these details has been planned and created without fault.

8. The Energy of Life in Your Cells: The ATP Molecule

1. Light, 2. Heat, 3. Electrical energy, 4. Physical processes in the cell,	5. Cecretion, 6. Chemical reactions, 7. Movement
The processes that use ATP and the types of energy produced

Energy we obtain from food cannot be used directly by our cells in carrying out the processes required for their continued existence. First the energy is packaged into a special molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Later on, it's used to carry out all the manufacture and transferals taking place in the cell.

The body uses 48 kilograms of ATP a day. But amazingly enough, at any one point during the day, the amount of ATP in the body never exceeds one gram. The reason for this is that ATP is not stored, but rather is prepared in special packets for immediate use. Never forget that the cell's life depends upon this energy. For this reason, the production of ATP must occur very quickly. And so, at every second, each of your approximately 100 trillion cells consumes and regenerates ten million molecules of ATP.

How is this speed maintained?

Whenever a cell needs energy, the end phosphate linkage of the ATP molecule's three phosphate groups is broken; that is, the packet of energy is opened. With the breakage of one phosphate linkage, the subsequent release of energy lets the cell carry out its functions with ease. And this amazing process continues with amazing speed and without fail.

Without doubt, it's impossible for a molecule made up of atoms to determine a cell's energy requirements and then produce the appropriate energy. That this production is carried out in a most efficient way and with the most appropriate packaging system cannot be the product of coincidence. The Creator of the cell and of every action and process of the molecules within the cell is God; it is He Who put the ATP molecule at the service of living things in such a perfect manner.

1. ATP is a packet of energy produced in the cell. The threedimensional image of the ATP molecule, above, is shown in more detail on the right. It contains three phosphate groups, with high-energy phosphate bonds between the atoms. 2. THE BREAKDOWN OF THE ATP MOLECULE RELEASES ENERGY: 2a. ATP has three phosphate groups. Whenever one linkage is broken off, energy is released. 2b. If only one phosphate linkage is broken off, ADP forms. If two phosphate groups are broken off, AMP is formed. 2c. With the release of AMP's last phosphate group, all of the ATP molecule's energy is transferred to the relevant molecules.

9. Who Manages Heavy Traffic in the Cell?

The Golgi body, found in all cells, plays an important role in packaging newly synthesized proteins and differentiating and selecting between different types of protein.

The various proteins found in various sections of the cell are synthesized in another part of the cell called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER. Minutes after the proteins are synthesized, they move quickly out of the ER and towards the Golgi body. There are many important reasons why they undergo various changes in the Golgi body after being made. For example, to some of them are attached carbohydrate groups, to others sulphate or phosphate groups, and to still others, fatty acids. These modifications vary according to a protein's type and where it is to wind up. The Golgi body purifies these proteins and separates and packages them, according to their type and destination. It also produces the packages according to the type of cell where the proteins are destined to go. In order for the biochemical activity of the thousands of proteins synthesized in the ER not to become mixed up, however, these processes must be carried out with great sensitivity, and each protein must be directed towards its destination.

The tiny organelle known as the Golgi body organizes this traffic. It displays great awareness in every process it carries out. It recognizes the proteins that come to it, separates them, determines their needs, carries out its production according to their needs, identifies their function, packages them, and organizes this traffic flow without any confusion. The One Who inspired the cell and the organelles within it, with the ability to decide and apply the knowledge is the Lord of the worlds—that is, God.

Those who find themselves awestruck in the face of these cellular miracles and who witness God's superior knowledge can only be shocked at the evolutionists' claims that all this came to be as a result of coincidence.

The cell's organization is much more complex and successful than any human fabrication. In a protein produced in the cell, steps take place that are involved in the manufacture of products in a factory and their subsequent delivery to where they're needed.

He created the heavens and the Earth with truth and formed you, giving you the best of forms. And He is your final destination. (Qur'an, 64: 3)

10. The Liver as a Giant Laboratory

No one could claim that a fully equipped laboratory, fitted out with the latest technology could come about by itself, by chance. But evolutionists claim that the liver's unparalleled laboratory complex arose by itself, advocating this claim with no proof at all. This is because Darwinism is a superstitious belief system, a spell that blinds one's mind.

Five hundred separate processes take place in just one cell of the liver. Most of these (which take place faultlessly in milliseconds, that is, thousandths of a second) still have not been reproduced under laboratory conditions. Liver cells convert the food we eat into stored energy, that is glycogen, which the liver stores and converts to glucose as needed by the body to satisfy its energy needs.

In short, even while we eat all manner of food we like, the liver uses, converts or stores this food's energy according to our body's needs. And from the first human until today, trillions of liver cells have acted with exactly the same consciousness and knowledge, with no confusion.

1.Glycogen 2.Glucose 3.Fatty acid 4.Glucose, after being absorbed by the intestines, arrives at the liver, 5. Where the excess glucose is converted to glycogen. 6.When the store of glycogen is full, glucose is converted into to glycerin and fatty acids. 7.When needed, glycogen is converted back to glucose.