Paul Davies is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist at Arizona State University:
Everywhere we look in the Universe, from the far flung galaxies to the deepest recesses of the atom, we encounter order... Central to the idea of a very special, orderly Universe is the concept of information. A highly structured system, displaying a great deal of organized activity, needs a lot of information to describe it. Alternatively, we may say that it contains much information.
We are therefore presented with a curious question. If information and order always has a natural tendency to disappear, where did all the information that makes the world such a special place come from originally? The Universe is like a clock slowly running down. How did it get wound up in the first place?452
Careful measurements put the rate of expansion very close to a critical value at which the universe will just escape its own gravity and expand forever. A little slower and the cosmos would collapse, a little faster and the cosmic material would have long ago completely dispersed. It is interesting to ask precisely how delicately the rate of expansion has been "fine tuned" to fall on this narrow dividing line between two catastrophes.
If at time I S (by which the time pattern of expansion was already firmly established) the expansion rate had differed from its actual value by more than 10-18, it would have been sufficient to throw the delicate balance out. The explosive vigour of the universe is thus matched with almost unbelievable accuracy to its gravitating power. The Big Bang was not evidently any old bang, but an explosion of exquisitely arranged magnitude.453
The laws [of physics]... seem to be the product of exceedingly ingenious design... The universe must have a purpose.454
It is hard to resist that the present structure of the universe, apparently so sensitive to minor alterations in the numbers, has been rather carefully thought out.... The seemingly miraculous concurrence of numerical values that nature has assigned to her fundamental constants must remain the most compelling evidence for an element of cosmic design.455
Had nature opted for a slightly different set of numbers, the world would be a very different place. Probably we would not be here to see it... Recent discoveries about the primeval cosmos oblige us to accept that the expanding universe has been set up in its motion with a cooperation of astonishing precision.456
If the world's finest minds can unravel only with difficulty the deeper workings of nature, how could it be supposed that those workings are merely a mindless accident, a product of blind chance?457
To suggest that the flawless order in the Universe came about by chance is far more ridiculous that claiming that sand castle on the beach appeared spontaneously as the result of natural conditions. |
Prof. Fred Hoyle:
If you wanted to produce carbon and oxygen in roughly equal quantities by stellar nucleosynthesis, these are the two basic levels you would have to fix, and your fixing would have to be just about where these levels are actually found to be... A commonsense interpretation of the facts suggests that a superintellect has monkeyed with physics... and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature.458
I do not believe that any scientist who examined the evidence would fail to draw the inference that the laws of nuclear physics have been deliberately designed with regard to the consequences they produce inside the stars.459
Hoimar Von Ditfurth is a German professor of neurology and psychiatry and a well-known evolutionist science writer:
If dozens of mutual relationships and just about countless natural phenomena, of which we have only become aware as the result of centuries of experiments and a great deal of hard work by scientists, are not sources of amazement and astonishment, genuine awe, then what will be? There is an endless list of astonishing natural phenomena that we have only learned as the result of scientific research, from the dimensions of the universe and the laws governing the rate of expansion of stars to the secret-filled relationship between matter and energy, and from the events taking place in the cell nucleus, in which is stored the blueprint for a living organism to the discovery of the electrical currents in our brains... Indeed, looking at the unique properties inherent in the formation of a single protein molecule performing biological functions, it appears impossible to account for the atoms needing to combine at the right moment, in the correct sequence, and with the correct electrical and mechanical properties, to do so by chance.460
W. Press, an astrophysicist, writing in an article in Nature magazine:
There is a grand design in the Universe that favors the development of intelligent life.461
452- Paul Davies, The Accidental Universe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, Preface.
453- Paul Davies, Superforce: The Search for a Grand Unified Theory of Nature, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984, p. 184.
454- Ibid., p. 243.
455- Paul Davies. God and the New Physics. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983, p. 189.
456- Paul Davies. The Accidental Universe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, Foreword.
457- Paul Davies, Superforce, pp. 235-236.
458- Fred Hoyle, "The Universe: Past and Present Reflections," Engineering and Science, November 1981, pp. 8-12. 461- Fred Hoyle, Religion and the Scientists, London: SCM, 1959; M. A. Corey, The Natural History of Creation, Maryland: University Press of America, 1995, p. 341.
459- Fred Hoyle, Religion and the Scientists, London: SCM, 1959; M. A. Corey, The Natural History of Creation, Maryland: University Press of America, 1995, p. 341.
460- Hoimar Von Ditfurth, Dinozorlar›n Sessiz Gecesi 1, ["The Silent Night of the Dinosaurs 1"], p. 123.
461- W. Press, "A Place for Teleology?," Nature, Vol. 320, 1986, p. 315.