Chapter 10 - The Rohingya Muslims Are Being Exiled in Their Own Lands

The Rohingya Muslims have lived in a region including Rakhine in Myanmar for hundreds of years, and history shows these lands belong to them. Yet these innocent people are being maltreated in their own lands, exiled and persecuted using the most barbaric methods. This is genocide, one that the world is ignoring. But it is impossible not to see this crime against humanity being committed with ever more horrifying means, because access to information is today a simple matter, and the Internet is a university all by itself. It is therefore not at all difficult to obtain information about the history of the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and the persecution they are facing in those lands.

Islam first came to Rakhine [formerly Arakan], part of the Far East and inside the borders of Burma through Muslim travelers to the region in the 8th century. When Bengal adopted Islam in 1203, Arakan came under Muslim rule. Between 1430, when the region was conquered by Muslims, and 1638, with a few exceptions, the rulers generally chose to live by Islam. The Muslims settled in Arakan are therefore the descendants of Sulayman Shah, who was placed on the throne by the Bengali Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammed Shah.1

The rightful owner of Arakanese land is Rohingya Muslims

History confirms that the Rohingya Muslims who are now being persecuted in their own lands, whose homes and villages are being burned, whose mothers and daughters are being tortured and whose men are being slaughtered, are the rightful owners of that territory. In addition, Muslims have occupied important positions in the governing of the country and in its political and cultural life for more than 350 years. They have even provided such senior officials as five viziers, along with governors, army generals and ministers.

However, following the killing of the Muslim Sultan Shah Salim II in a conspiracy in 1638, the empire entered a period of decline and collapse. With its invasion by Burma in 1784, the Muslim people living in the region suffered great oppression. Many of them were forced to flee to Bengal, which was under British rule. According to East India Company records, in 1799 35,000 Arakanese Muslims fled their lands because of persecution by the Burmese. The records tell us this; "…in one day soon after the conquest of Arakan the Burmans put 40,000 men to death: that wherever they found a pretty woman, they took her after killing the husband; and the young girls they took without any consideration of their parents, and thus deprived these poor people of the property…"2

1. 900-1700 - Muslims and Buddhists lived together freely in Arakan (now Rakhine) and Chittagong. 2. 1785 - The invasion of Arakan by Burma. The Rohingya Muslims migrated to Chittagong in droves. 3. 1824 - Anglo-Burmese War 4. 1824-1885 - The British Invasion. The Rohingya Muslims returned to Arakan. 5. 1935 - The beginning of the national movement of Burma. Burma separated from British India and the 6. 1942 - 100,000 people were killed in the Rohingya Genocide. Rohingya Muslims fled to Chittagong once again. 7. 1947 - Major General Aung Sung granted autonomy to ethnic groups in the Panglong Conference. But then Aung Sung was assassinated and the agreements came to nothing. 8. 1948 - Burma declared its independence and enforced the Law of Citizenship. Later on, a civil war broke out. 9. 1949 - The Rohingya Muslims were allowed to settle in Burma and to have an identity. 10. 1954 - President U Nu declared the citizenship of the Rohingya Muslims. 11. 1954-1960 - The Rohingya Muslims were recognized as the citizens of Burma. 12. 1962 - General Ne Win overthrew the government in a military coup and the oppression against the Rohingya Muslims began. 13. 1974 - The government denied the right to vote to Rohingya Muslims. 14. 1978 - A total of 207,172 Rohingya Muslims fled to Bangladesh. 15. 1982 - The military government in Burma enacted a new Citizenship Law that abolished the citizenship of the Rohingya Muslims. 16. 1992 - A total of 250,000 Rohingya Muslims took refuge in Bangladesh. However, Bangladesh recognized them not as refugees but as illegal immigrants after 1992. 17. 2006 - The Arakan National Council declared that the Rohingya Muslims were citizens of Bangladesh. 18. 2012 - The sectarian conflicts broke out between Buddhists and Muslims on June 8th, resulting in many deaths. The Rohingya Muslims migrated in masses. 19. March 25th 2014 - Myanmar prohibited the use of the word Rohingya and forced the Rohingya Muslims to be identified as Bengali. 20. Today - Nearly 500,000 Rohingya Muslims reside in Bangladesh. There is a very severe disorderliness on the border

The Muslim population in Rakhine is being annihilated step by step

After the withdrawal of the British who had been in control of the region, in 1824, there was soon a considerable increase in the number of attacks on Muslims. During the Second World War and the Japanese occupation the pressure on Muslims increased still further, culminating in Muslim men, women and children being barbarically murdered by swords and spears in the village of Chanbilli in the township of Minbya in 1942. After the slaughter the district was pillaged. All gold, silver and valuable items belonging to Muslims were seized, and their animals were confiscated. In the attacks that started in this village and spread across Rakhine, 307 Muslim villages were wiped off the map, more than 100,000 Muslims were martyred and some 80,000 were driven from their homes.3

Restrictions on the movements of Muslims were imposed following Burmese independence in 1948, the aim being to eliminate the Muslim population of Rakhine entirely. A military regime that took power following a coup in 1962 entirely rejected the identity of the Muslim people and began using propaganda to depict them as foreigners. They were removed from their posts in the police and the civil service and were prohibited from moving freely in the province of Rakhine.

Muslims, to whom Rakhine actually belongs, have been living under very harsh conditions again since 1990. There has been systematic pressure intended to reduce the population. They are unable to engage in agriculture or raise livestock because of arbitrary local taxation. Their lands are being taken into public ownership. Other examples of the persecution of Muslims include arrests, torture, the destruction of mosques and cemeteries, Muslim girls being taken away from their village under the pretext of 'development of the status of women,' and their being deprived of their rights to education.4

The Rohingya Muslims have been forced from their own lands, their true homeland to migrate to other countries in search of safety. The people to whom these lands really belong are today abandoning their roots, culture and history and struggling to survive under harsh conditions as refugees in other countries. More than 240,000 Muslims in Burma are living as refugees inside the country, and citizenship rights are denied to more than 810,000 Muslims living in the country. There are 120,000 refugees on the border with Thailand.5 There are also Rohingya Muslims with refugee status in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh and some European countries. One and a half million Rohingya Muslims are living at the hunger threshold in Bangladesh alone, trying to survive in the jungles and valley margins.

The entire world is silent in the face of this crime against humanity which they are aware of through the Internet and read about in the newspapers or see on the television almost every day. Crimes against humanity and attacks attract fierce reactions when they happened in developed countries in the Western hemisphere, but the plight of the Rohingya Muslims fails to have the same effect. People do not care about these valuable but suffering people far away from their own region, who do not adopt the modern Western way of life and whom they perhaps regard as second class due to ethnic differences under the influence of the materialist worldview.

However, every person whose conscience and heart are not totally atrophied, wherever in the world they may be, has a responsibility to defend the rights of these innocent people, to maintain justice and to strive to eliminate wickedness.

We should not forget that a sentence appearing in the social media, an article shared, a word spoken at a meeting or making people aware of this blatant persecution is vital. Indeed every step taken for the sake of unity of public opinion against tyrannical regimes and evil people will constitute a barrier against such crimes against humanity and help prevent their reoccurrence.